I have the influent and effluent COD concentrations (mg l-1), HRT, and OLR for my batch bioreactor system. The COD removal efficiency can be computed using ((Cin-Ceff)/Cin)*100) and expressed in %.
How is COD reduction calculated?
The COD removal efficiency can be computed using ((Cin-Ceff)/Cin)*100) and expressed in %.
What is the formula to calculate COD?
There is a formula for calculating COD. Consider the formula for COD calculation: (a – b) X C X 8,000 / the volume of the sample in mL. Let “a” represent the titrant used for your sample expressed in mL. Let “b” represent the titrant used for your blank sample in mL.
What is COD removal rate?
HMBR revealed excellent COD removal efficiency for treatment of ship domestic sewage: the effluent COD concentration, i.e. 48.5 mg/L, was below the IMO discharge standard and the average COD removal rate was 95.13%.
How do you calculate BOD and COD?
The COD test should be considered an independent measure of the organic matter in a wastewater sample rather than a substitute for the BOD test.
Can I use my COD results to predict my BOD?
| Sample 1: | COD = 2,150 mg/L | BOD = 1,100 mg/L |
|---|---|---|
| Sample 3: | COD = 1,850 mg/L | BOD = 997 mg/L |
| COD ÷ BOD = 1,850 ÷ 997 = 1.86 |
How do you reduce COD in wastewater treatment?
You can reduce COD and BOD by adding hydrogen peroxide to the wastewater solution. The hydrogen peroxide will chemically attack the organics in the wastewater, degrading them and reducing the measured COD and BOD.
How do you reduce COD in stormwater?
In most applications, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) can be reduced using passive media filtration and/or polishing. StormwateRx offers enhanced and advanced stormwater treatment systems to remove COD.
How is dilution factor calculated in COD?
simply calculate the COD and then multiply the result by the dilution factor. The dilution factor is the total volume of the solution divided by the the stock volume.
How do you make COD standard solution?
Preparation of a COD standard solution:
Dissolve 0.851 g of potassium hydrogen phthalate in a calibrated or conformity-checked 100-ml volumetric flask and make up to the mark with dilution solution. The stock solution prepared according to this procedure has a concentration of 10 000 mg/l COD and 20 g/l Cl–.
How is COD measured in water sample?
This is usually done by titration, using an indicator solution. COD is expressed in mg/L, which indicates the mass of oxygen consumed per liter of solution. The COD test only requires 2-3 hours, while the Biochemical (or Biological) Oxygen Demand (BOD) test requires 5 days.
How do you calculate removal efficiency?
We have a formula that says efficiency or removal efficiency equals what’s coming in minus what’s coming out then you divide that by what’s coming in and then we multiply by a 100 to convert the decimal to a percent.
How is COD determined in wastewater?
What test methods are typically used to determine COD at water and wastewater laboratories? The most common test method is the colorimetric analysis after oxidizing the COD with acid and using indicator compounds, such as hexavalent dichromate.
What is a high COD value?
Higher COD levels mean a greater amount of oxidizable organic material in the sample, which will reduce dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. A reduction in DO can lead to anaerobic conditions, which is deleterious to higher aquatic life forms.
What is the ratio of COD to BOD?
BOD : COD (Chemical oxygen demand) ratio using the formulated seed comes in the range of 0.7-0.8 whereas that using BODSEED comes in the ratio of 0.5-0.6.
Why is COD always higher than BOD?
COD is normally higher than BOD because more organic compounds can be chemically oxidised than biologically oxidised. This includes chemicals toxic to biological life, which can make COD tests very useful when testing industrial sewage as they will not be captured by BOD testing.
What is the relation between BOD and COD?
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is the amount of oxygen required by the microorganisms to break down the organic materials, whereas chemical oxygen demand (COD) is the amount of oxygen required to break down the organic material via oxidation.
Does aeration reduce COD?
Aeration should help reduce the COD in 2 ways. First it may evaporate some volatiles like hexane. Second it will add oxygen to the water speeding up any biological oxidation of the less volatile organics by the bacteria (microbial growth).
What is the COD effluent standard?
The effluent standards for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) exclusively apply to the effluents discharged into public waters other than seas and lakes, the effluent standards for chemical oxygen demand (COD) exclusively apply to the effluents discharged into seas and lakes.
What is COD analysis?
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) analysis is a measurement of the oxygen-depletion capacity of a water sample contaminated with organic waste matter. Specifically, it measures the equivalent amount of oxygen required to chemically oxidize organic compounds in water.
How do you reduce COD in water?
One way to reduce COD in water is to use coagulants and flocculants to bind sludge together. Once they are bound into big enough masses that they can be easily filtered out and deposited into a sedimentation tank for removal. This method does however rely on the use of chemicals, and requires high reoccurring cost.
What are the standard limits for BOD and COD?
According to standards of Central Pollution Control Board, permissible value of BOD is 30 mg/l and COD is 250 mg/l.
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