HMBR revealed excellent COD removal efficiency for treatment of ship domestic sewage: the effluent COD concentration, i.e. 48.5 mg/L, was below the IMO discharge standard and the average COD removal rate was 95.13%.
What is COD removal?
COD Removal by Microbial Action
Aerobic COD removal introduces microorganisms or bacteria that break down organic compounds present in wastewater into carbon dioxide and water in the presence of air. Aerobic COD removal is ideal for wastewater with COD < 3000 mg/L.
What is removal efficiency?
Removal Efficiency means the performance of an air pollution control device in terms of the ratio of the amount of the regulated pollutant removed from the airstream to the total amount of regulated pollutant that enters the air pollution control device.
How do you calculate COD removal?
The COD removal efficiency can be computed using ((Cin-Ceff)/Cin)*100) and expressed in %.
How do you calculate removal efficiency?
We have a formula that says efficiency or removal efficiency equals what’s coming in minus what’s coming out then you divide that by what’s coming in and then we multiply by a 100 to convert the decimal to a percent.
What does COD mean in wastewater?
Chemical oxygen demand
5 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) The COD is the estimate of oxygen required for the portion of organic matter in wastewater that is subjected to oxidation and also the amount of oxygen consumed by organic matter from boiling acid potassium dichromate solution.
What is a high COD value?
Higher COD levels mean a greater amount of oxidizable organic material in the sample, which will reduce dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. A reduction in DO can lead to anaerobic conditions, which is deleterious to higher aquatic life forms.
What is the destruction and removal efficiency?
Destruction and Removal Efficiency (DRE) — a percentage that represents the number of molecules of a compound removed or destroyed in an incinerator relative to the number of molecules that entered the system. (For example, a DRE of 99.99 percent means that 9,999 molecules are destroyed for every 10,000 that enter.
How do you calculate kg in COD?
BOD (or COD) load: Units: kg/day
This is simply done by multiplying the BOD in mg/l by the daily effluent volume in cubic metres (m3) and dividing the product by 1000.
What is BOD removal?
Aerobic BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) removal is accomplished by direct removal of particulate organics and indirectly through the biological activity of the filter. AST’s bead filters can be configured to do both.
What is COD formula?
COD as mg/l of oxygen consumed =(A-B) x Normality of FAS x 8000 / ml.
How COD is measured?
COD is measured via a laboratory assay in which a sample is incubated with a strong chemical oxidant for a specified time interval and at constant temperature (usually 2 h at 150°C). The most commonly used oxidant is potassium dichromate, which is used in combination with boiling sulphuric acid.
Why is COD so important?
In wastewater treatment, the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is an important measurement for the amount of oxygen that is required to break down pollutants (organic substances) in water. The chemical oxygen demand can be measured using different methods, direct or indirect.
What is TSS removal?
Suspended solids carried in stormwater cause a range of harmful effects in rivers, lakes and oceans. TSS capture and removal is a critical component of effective environmental protection.
What is BOD loading rate?
Organic loading rate is defined as the application of soluble and particulate organic matter. It is typically expressed on an area basis as pounds of BOD5 per unit area per unit time, such as pounds of BOD5 per square foot per day (lb/ft2/day).
What is log removal value?
What is a log removal value? A log removal value (LRV) is a measure of the ability of a treatment processes to remove pathogenic microorganisms. LRVs are determined by taking the logarithm of the ratio of pathogen concentration in the influent and effluent water of a treatment process (shown in Equation 1).
What causes high COD in wastewater?
COD increases as the concentration of organic material increases. It also increases if inorganic compounds susceptible to oxidation by the oxidant (typically dichromate) are present. Water with high COD typically contains high levels of decaying plant matter, human waste, or industrial effluent.
How do you remove COD from wastewater?
You can reduce COD and BOD by adding hydrogen peroxide to the wastewater solution. The hydrogen peroxide will chemically attack the organics in the wastewater, degrading them and reducing the measured COD and BOD.
How is wastewater COD measured?
COD is the most popular alternative test to BOD for establishing the concentration of organic matter in wastewater samples.
Can I use my COD results to predict my BOD?
| Sample 1: | COD = 2,150 mg/L | BOD = 1,100 mg/L |
|---|---|---|
| Sample 3: | COD = 1,850 mg/L | BOD = 997 mg/L |
| COD ÷ BOD = 1,850 ÷ 997 = 1.86 |
How does COD affect water quality?
When treated wastewater is discharged into the environment, it can introduce pollution in the form of organic content to receiving waters. High levels of wastewater COD indicate concentrations of organics that can deplete dissolved oxygen in the water, leading to negative environmental and regulatory consequences.
Does aeration reduce COD?
Aeration should help reduce the COD in 2 ways. First it may evaporate some volatiles like hexane. Second it will add oxygen to the water speeding up any biological oxidation of the less volatile organics by the bacteria (microbial growth).
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