Viral infections associated with aplastic anemia include parvovirus B19 (22, 23), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis A and C viruses (HAV and HCV), and dengue (21, 24).
Viral infections that affect bone marrow can play a role in the development of aplastic anemia. Viruses that have been linked to aplastic anemia include hepatitis, Epstein-Barr, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19 and HIV. Pregnancy. Your immune system might attack your bone marrow during pregnancy.
Can bacteria affect bone marrow?
Osteomyelitis is a bone infection caused by bacteria or fungi. It causes painful swelling of bone marrow, the soft tissue inside your bones. Without treatment, swelling from this bone infection can cut off blood supply to your bone, causing bone to die.
What is the most common cause of bone marrow failure?
The most common cause of acquired bone marrow failure is aplastic anemia. (See Etiology, Presentation, Workup, and Treatment.) Diseases that can present in a manner similar to acquired bone marrow failure include myelodysplastic syndromes, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and large granular lymphocytic leukemia.
Can EBV cause bone marrow suppression?
EBV is a well-known virus that induces suppressor cytotoxic T cells. These activated lymphocytes may suppress bone marrow precursor cells [16].
What blood tests show bone marrow problems?
A complete blood count (CBC) is a common blood test that your doctor may recommend to: Help diagnose some blood cancers, such as leukemia and lymphoma. Find out if cancer has spread to the bone marrow.
What are the symptoms of bone marrow disease?
The signs and symptoms may include: anemia, or weakness and fatigue due to the shortage of RBCs. leukopenia, or infections due to the shortage of normal WBCs. thrombocytopenia, or bleeding and bruising due to low blood platelets.
What causes infection in the bone marrow?
Bone infection is most often caused by bacteria. But it can also be caused by fungi or other germs. When a person has osteomyelitis: Bacteria or other germs may spread to a bone from infected skin, muscles, or tendons next to the bone.
How do you get a bone marrow infection?
Infections can reach a bone by traveling through the bloodstream or spreading from nearby tissue. Infections can also begin in the bone itself if an injury exposes the bone to germs. Smokers and people with chronic health conditions, such as diabetes or kidney failure, are more at risk of developing osteomyelitis.
Can bone marrow infection be cured?
Most cases of osteomyelitis are treatable. Chronic infections of the bone, however, may take longer to treat and heal, especially if they require surgery. Treatment should be aggressive because an amputation can become necessary sometimes. The outlook for this condition is good if the infection is treated early.
What diseases can affect bone marrow?
Other serious blood disorders, such as aplastic anemia, can affect the bone marrow, but are not cancerous.
Some of the blood and marrow disorders we treat at The University of Kansas Cancer Center include:
- Childhood blood cancers.
- Leukemia.
- Lymphoma.
- Multiple myeloma.
- Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
- Sickle cell disease.
What can destroy bone marrow?
A number of conditions pose a threat to bone marrow because they prevent it from turning stem cells into essential cells. Leukemia, Hodgkin disease, and other lymphoma cancers can damage bone marrow’s productive ability and destroy stem cells.
What causes bone marrow to shut down?
Other causes of bone marrow failure are acquired. The most common forms occur from drugs, chemicals, radiation, viral infections, immune disorders, MDS, PNH, or large granular lymphocytic leukemia.
What are the symptoms of chronic Epstein-Barr?
Chronic EBV
- swollen or tender lymph nodes.
- fever.
- enlarged liver (hepatomegaly) or spleen (splenomegaly)
- fatigue.
- sore throat.
- headache.
- muscle pain.
- joint stiffness.
Does mono affect bone marrow?
EBV infection can affect a person’s blood and bone marrow. The virus can cause the body to produce an excessive number of white blood cells called lymphocytes (lymphocytosis). EBV can also weaken the immune system, making it more difficult for the body to fight infection.
What is Epstein-Barr symptoms?
Symptoms
- fatigue.
- fever.
- inflamed throat.
- swollen lymph nodes in the neck.
- enlarged spleen.
- swollen liver.
- rash.
How do you know if your bone marrow is not working?
Aplastic anemia occurs when your bone marrow doesn’t make enough red and white blood cells, and platelets. This condition can make you feel tired, raise your risk of infections, and make you bruise or bleed more easily. To treat the low blood counts, early treatment involves easing symptoms.
What if the bone marrow test is positive?
Abnormal results may be due to cancer, infection, or another bone marrow disease. Your doctor may need to order more tests to confirm a diagnosis. And they will discuss the results and treatment options if needed and plan your next steps during the follow-up appointment.
What were your first signs of leukemia?
Common leukemia signs and symptoms include:
- Fever or chills.
- Persistent fatigue, weakness.
- Frequent or severe infections.
- Losing weight without trying.
- Swollen lymph nodes, enlarged liver or spleen.
- Easy bleeding or bruising.
- Recurrent nosebleeds.
- Tiny red spots in your skin (petechiae)
What are the first warning signs of multiple myeloma?
Signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma can vary and, early in the disease, there may be none.
When signs and symptoms do occur, they can include:
- Bone pain, especially in your spine or chest.
- Nausea.
- Constipation.
- Loss of appetite.
- Mental fogginess or confusion.
- Fatigue.
- Frequent infections.
- Weight loss.
Is bone marrow disease serious?
Aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndromes are rare but serious disorders in which your bone marrow is injured and doesn’t produce enough healthy blood cells, which leads to too few blood cells in your body.
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